Introduction Fajan’s Method is a precipitation titration technique that uses adsorption indicators to detect the endpoint. Use it primarily for the determination of halide ions (Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻) and other anions by direct titration with silver nitrate (AgNO₃). This method is unique because it relies on the adsorption of an indicator onto the surface of … Read more
Introduction The Modified Volhard’s Method is an adaptation of the classical Volhard’s Method, used for the determination of chloride (Cl⁻), bromide (Br⁻), and iodide (I⁻) ions. This modification eliminates the need for filtration by using a protective colloid (e.g., nitrobenzene, dextrin, or ferric salts) to prevent the re-dissolution of precipitated silver halides (AgCl, AgBr, AgI). … Read more
Introduction Volhard’s method is a back titration technique used for the determination of chloride (Cl⁻), bromide (Br⁻), and iodide (I⁻) ions. It employs silver nitrate (AgNO₃) as a titrant to precipitate the halide ions, and the unreacted silver ions are then titrated with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) using ferric ammonium sulfate as an indicator. This method … Read more
Introduction Mohr’s method is a classical argentometric precipitation titration used for the quantitative determination of chloride (Cl⁻) and bromide (Br⁻) ions using silver nitrate (AgNO₃) as a titrant. Potassium chromate (K₂CrO₄) acts as an indicator, which helps detect the endpoint by forming a reddish-brown precipitate of silver chromate (Ag₂CrO₄). Principle of Mohr’s Method Mohr’s method … Read more
Introduction Precipitation titrations are a type of volumetric analysis in which the reaction between the analyte and the titrant results in the formation of an insoluble precipitate. These titrations are commonly used to determine the concentration of ions that form sparingly soluble salts with the titrant. The most common examples include the determination of halide … Read more
Introduction Diazotization titration is a redox titration method used primarily for the quantitative estimation of primary aromatic amines by converting them into diazonium salts using sodium nitrite (NaNO2) in an acidic medium. The technique is widely used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and dye industries for the determination of aromatic amines in different compounds. Basic Principles … Read more
Introduction Gravimetric analysis is one of the most accurate and precise quantitative analytical techniques. Estimating barium sulfate (BaSO₄) is a classic example of this method, used to determine the sulfate ion (SO42−) content in a given sample. The principle is based on precipitating sulfate ions as insoluble barium sulfate, followed by filtration, drying, and weighing … Read more
Introduction Gravimetric analysis is one of the most precise and accurate methods for determining the quantity of an analyte in a sample. However, the accuracy of the results heavily depends on the purity of the precipitate formed during the analysis. Any impurity incorporated in the precipitate can lead to systematic errors and affect the final … Read more
Introduction Gravimetric analysis is a quantitative analytical technique used to determine the amount of an analyte by precipitation and weighing. It is one of the most accurate and precise methods in analytical chemistry, widely used for pharmaceutical, environmental, and industrial applications. Principle of Gravimetric Analysis The principle of gravimetric analysis is based on the conversion … Read more
Objective: To estimate the amount of calcium gluconate in a given sample using complexometric titration with EDTA as the titrant. Principle: In this titration, calcium ions (Ca2+) react with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) to form a stable 1:1 complex. The endpoint is detected using an indicator, usually Murexide or Eriochrome Black T, which changes color when … Read more
