Anthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a solid at room temperature, typically appearing as colorless to pale yellow crystals. Anthracene is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as benzene and toluene.
Anthracene exhibits several physical properties:
- Appearance: It appears colorless to light yellow crystals or powder.
- Odor: It has a characteristic, faint, aromatic odor.
- Melting Point: The melting point of anthracene is approximately 217°C.
- Boiling Point: It has a relatively high boiling point of around 340°C.
- Solubility: Anthracene is sparingly soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like benzene, ether, and chloroform.
- Density: The density of anthracene is about 1.28 g/cm³.
- Molecular Weight: Its molecular weight is approximately 178.23 g/mol.
- Purity: Commercially available anthracene is typically in the range of 95-98% pure.
- Flammability: It is flammable and may ignite if exposed to heat or flame.
- Stability: Anthracene is relatively stable under normal conditions but may undergo reactions when exposed to certain chemicals or conditions.
These properties contribute to its diverse applications in various industries, including the manufacture of dyes, plastics, and as a component in organic synthesis.