Reference Electrodes

Reference Electrodes: Construction and Working

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Introduction A reference electrode is an essential component in electrochemical measurements, providing a stable and well-defined potential against which the potential of other electrodes can be measured. These electrodes do not participate in the reaction but serve as a reference point to compare the working electrode’s potential. The three most commonly used reference electrodes are: … Read more

Potentiometry

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Introduction Potentiometry is an electroanalytical technique used to measure the electrical potential (voltage) of an electrochemical cell without drawing any significant current. This method is widely used to determine the concentration of ions in a solution using ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), such as the pH electrode. Potentiometry is based on the Nernst equation, which relates the … Read more

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