2 MARKS QUESTION 1) What are phenols? Give any three methods of preparation of phenol. Write a note on acidity of phenol. 2) What are phenols? Explain the reactions of phenol. Discuss the effect of substituent’s on acidity of phenol. 3) What are phenols? Give physical properties of it. 4) Give structure and uses of … Read more
Lymphatic vessels, commonly called lymphatics, are a crucial component of the lymphatic system, a network of tissues and organs responsible for maintaining fluid balance, filtering lymph, and supporting the immune system. Lymphatic vessels play a vital role in the circulation and transport of lymph throughout the body. Here’s a detailed note on lymphatic vessels: 1. … Read more
Aromatic carboxylic acids, such as benzoic acid, are stronger acids compared to aliphatic carboxylic acids like acetic acid. This is because benzoic acid has a pKa value of 4.2, which is slightly lower than that of acetic acid (pKa= 4.8). The carboxylic group in benzoic acid is attached to an sp2 hybridized carbon atom, which … Read more
Lymphatic Organs and Tissues The lymphatic system is a vital immune system component, playing a critical role in maintaining fluid balance, filtering harmful substances, and supporting immune responses. Lymphatic organs and tissues are distributed throughout the body, each with specific lymphocyte production, filtration, and immune surveillance functions. Here’s a detailed note on some of the … Read more
Aromatic acids (Carboxylic acids) undergo a variety of chemical reactions due to the presence of the carboxyl group (-COOH) in their structure. Some of the key reactions of carboxylic acids include: 1. Salt formation: When benzoic acid comes into contact with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, it reacts to produce sodium benzoate. 2. Esterification of … Read more
The reticuloendothelial system, now more commonly called the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), is a network of cells and tissues throughout the body that plays a crucial role in the immune response and removing foreign substances from the bloodstream. It consists of cells known as mononuclear phagocytes, including monocytes and macrophages, as well as other specialized … Read more
Disorders of the blood, also known as hematological disorders, encompass a wide range of medical conditions that affect the blood, its components, or the organs involved in blood production and regulation. These disorders can impact the red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma, or the bone marrow. Some common blood disorders include: 1. Anemia … Read more
Aromatic acids are a class of organic compounds characterized by having a carboxylic acid functional group (-COOH) attached to an aromatic ring structure. The presence of the carboxylic acid group gives aromatic acids their characteristic acidic properties. Common examples of aromatic acids include benzoic acid, salicylic acid, and cinnamic acid. Physical properties of aromatic acids … Read more
Transfusion of Blood Blood transfusion is a medical procedure in which blood or components (such as red blood cells, plasma, platelets, or clotting factors) are administered to a patient to replace lost blood or its components, improve blood count, or treat specific medical conditions. It is a critical and life-saving intervention used in various medical … Read more
Carboxylic acids can be prepared through various methods, including: 1. Oxidation of Primary Alcohols or Aldehydes: Primary alcohols can be oxidized to carboxylic acids using oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or chromium trioxide (CrO3) in acidic or alkaline conditions. Aldehydes can also be oxidized to carboxylic acids under similar conditions. 2. Oxidation of … Read more
